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Nkhani

Chitetezo cha mphezi, chomwe chimatchedwanso chitetezo cha mphezi, ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chomwe chimapereka chitetezo kwa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi, zida, ndi mizere yolumikizirana. Woteteza akhoza kuyendetsa ndi kusuntha mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri, kuti ateteze kuphulikako kuti zisawononge zipangizo zina mudera. kusiyana kwina pakati pawo, chimodzi chomwe chikugwirizana ndi mzere wa mphamvu ya L1 kapena mzere wosalowerera (N) wa chipangizo chofunika chotetezera Cholumikizidwa, ndodo ina yachitsulo imagwirizanitsidwa ndi waya wokhazikika (PE). Pamene nthawi yomweyo overvoltage kugunda, kusiyana ndi wosweka, ndi gawo la overvoltage mlandu umalowetsedwa pansi, kupewa kuwonjezeka voteji pa otetezedwa equipment.The mtunda pakati pa ndodo ziwiri zitsulo mu kukhetsa kusiyana akhoza kusinthidwa monga pakufunika , ndipo kapangidwe kake ndi kophweka, koma choyipa ndichakuti ntchito yozimitsa ya arc ndi yosauka.Mpata wotulutsidwa bwino ndi kusiyana kwa angular. Ntchito yake yozimitsa arc ndi yabwino kuposa yoyamba. Zimadalira mphamvu yamagetsi F ya dera komanso kukwera kwa mpweya wotentha kuti uzimitse arc.
Chubu chotulutsa mpweya chimapangidwa ndi mbale zozizira za cathode zomwe zimalekanitsidwa wina ndi mnzake ndikutsekeredwa mu chubu lagalasi kapena chubu cha ceramic chodzaza ndi mpweya wina wa inert (Ar) . chothandizira choyambitsa chothandizira mu chubu chotayira.Chichubu chotulutsa mpweya chodzaza ndi gasichi chimakhala ndi mitundu iwiri yamitengo ndi mitundu itatu. Magawo aukadaulo a chubu chotulutsa mpweya makamaka akuphatikizapo: DC discharge voltage Udc; voltage yotulutsa mmwamba (nthawi zambiri Up≈(2~3) Udc; ma frequency amphamvu The current In; mphamvu ndi Ip yamakono; kukana R (>109Ω); mphamvu ya inter-electrode (1-5PF). chubu chotulutsa chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pansi pazikhalidwe zonse za DC ndi AC. Mphamvu yosankhidwa ya DC yotulutsa Udc ili motere: Gwiritsani ntchito pansi pamikhalidwe ya DC: Udc≥1.8U0 (U0 ndi magetsi a DC kuti azigwira bwino ntchito) Gwiritsani ntchito pansi pazikhalidwe za AC: U dc≥ 1.44Un (Un ndi mtengo wogwira ntchito wa AC voteji kwa ntchito yachibadwa mzere) The varistor zachokera ZnO Monga chigawo chachikulu cha zitsulo okusayidi semiconductor sanali liniya kukana, pamene voteji ntchito malekezero ake awiri kufika pa mtengo winawake, Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ndi yofanana ndi mndandanda ndi kulumikizana kofananira kwa ma PN angapo a semiconductor. mphamvu (~ 2KA/cm2), kutayikira kocheperako zaka zamakono (10-7~10-6A), otsika otsalira voteji (malingana ndi ntchito ya varistor Voltage ndi mphamvu panopa), mofulumira kuyankha nthawi zosakhalitsa overvoltage (~ 10-8s), palibe freewheeling. The luso magawo a varistor makamaka: varistor voteji (ie switching voteji) UN, reference voteji Ulma; otsalira voteji Ures; residual voltage ratio K (K=Ures/UN); pazipita panopa mphamvu Imax; kutayikira panopa; nthawi yoyankha. Kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka varistor ndi: varistor voteji: UN≥[(√2×1.2)/0.7] Uo (Uo ndiye voteji yovotera yamagetsi amagetsi amagetsi amagetsi) Voteji yocheperako: Ulma ≥ (1.8 ~ 2) Uac (yogwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pazikhalidwe za DC) Ulma ≥ (2.2 ~ 2.5) Uac (yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa AC, Uac ndi AC yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi) Mphamvu yapamwamba yamagetsi ya varistor iyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi kupirira kwamagetsi a chipangizo chamagetsi chotetezedwa, ndi magetsi otsalira a varistor iyenera kukhala yotsika kuposa mphamvu yamagetsi yotayika ya chipangizo chamagetsi chotetezedwa, chomwe ndi (Ulma) max≤Ub/K, njira yomwe ili pamwambayi K ndi chiŵerengero chamagetsi otsalira, Ub ndi mphamvu yotayika ya zida zotetezedwa.
Suppressor diode Suppressor diode imakhala ndi ntchito yochepetsera ndikuchepetsa mphamvu. Zimagwira ntchito m'malo owonongeka. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yocheperako komanso kuyankha mwachangu, ndiyoyenera makamaka pamagawo angapo omaliza achitetezo m'mabwalo achitetezo amitundu ingapo. Mawonekedwe a volt-ampere a diode yopondereza m'malo owonongeka amatha kuwonetsedwa ndi njira iyi: I=CUα, pomwe α ndi coefficient yosagwirizana, ya Zener diode α=7~9, mu avalanche diode α= 5; 7. Ma diode opondereza Magawo akulu akulu azaumisiri ndi awa: ⑴ Ma voliyumu omwe adavoteledwa, omwe amatanthawuza mphamvu yamagetsi yosweka pansi pamagetsi omwe atchulidwa (nthawi zambiri lma). Ponena za diode ya Zener, voteji yosweka nthawi zambiri imakhala yapakati pa 2.9V ~ 4.7V , Ndipo voteji yosweka ya ma avalanche diode nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa 5.6V mpaka 200V.⑵Maximum clamping voltage: Imatanthawuza zapamwamba kwambiri voteji yomwe imawonekera kumapeto onse a chubu pamene mphamvu yaikulu ya mafunde otchulidwayo idutsa.⑶ Mphamvu ya pulse: Imatanthawuza kupangidwa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yothamanga kwambiri pamapeto onse a chubu ndi mtengo wofanana ndi wapano mu chubu. pansi pa mawonekedwe omwe atchulidwa pano (monga 10/1000μs) ⑷ Reverse displacement voltage: Imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa voteji komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kumapeto onse a chubu kudera lakumbuyo lakutayikira, ndipo chubu sichiyenera kusweka pansi pa voteji iyi. .Voliti ya reverse displacement iyi ikuyenera kukhala yokwera kwambiri kuposa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yotetezedwa, ndiye kuti, singakhale yopanda mphamvu pamene makinawo akugwira ntchito bwino.⑸Kuchulukira kwambiri kwapano: ⑹Nthawi yoyankhira: 10-11s Choke koyilo Kutsamwitsa koyilo ndi njira wamba yosokoneza kusokoneza chipangizo chokhala ndi ferrite ngati pachimake. Amakhala ndi ma koyilo awiri ofanana kukula kwake ndi nambala yofanana yokhotakhota yomwe imavulazidwa pa ferrite yomweyo Chipangizo chamtundu wa anayi chimapangidwa pamutu wa toroidal pachimake, chomwe chimakhala ndi zotsatira zopondereza pa inductance yayikulu ya njira wamba. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ma coils otsamwitsa mu mizere yoyenera kungathe kupondereza zizindikiro zosokoneza zomwe zimachitika (monga kusokoneza kwa mphezi) popanda kusokoneza kayendedwe kabwino ka ma siginecha osiyanitsira pa mzere.Kutsamwitsa koyilo iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira izi popanga: 1) Mawaya omwe amabala pa coil pachimake ayenera kutsekedwa kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake kuti atsimikizire kuti palibe kuwonongeka kwafupipafupi komwe kumachitika pakati pa kutembenuka kwa koyilo pansi pa zochitika za overvoltage nthawi yomweyo. 2) Mphamvu yamagetsi ikakhala nthawi yomweyo ikadutsa pa koyilo, phata la maginito siliyenera kukhutitsidwa.3) Pakatikati pa maginito pa koyiloyo iyenera kutsekedwa kuchokera ku koyilo. koyilo kuteteza kusweka pakati pa ziwirizi pansi pa zochita za overvoltage kwakanthawi. Izi zitha kuchepetsa mphamvu ya koyilo komanso kukulitsa mphamvu ya koyiloyo kuti ipirire kupitilira mphamvu nthawi yomweyo.1/4 wavelength short-circuit device 1/4-wavelength short-circuit device ndi microwave signal surge protector yopangidwa potengera kuwunika kwa mphezi. mafunde ndi chiphunzitso choyimirira cha mlongoti ndi wodyetsa. Kutalika kwazitsulo zazifupi zozungulira zitsulo muchitetezo ichi zimachokera ku chizindikiro chogwira ntchito Mafupipafupi (monga 900MHZ kapena 1800MHZ) amatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa 1/4 wavelength. pafupipafupi chizindikiro chogwira ntchito, chomwe chili chofanana ndi dera lotseguka ndipo sichimakhudza kufalikira kwa chizindikirocho. Komabe, chifukwa cha mafunde a mphezi, chifukwa mphamvu ya mphezi imagawidwa makamaka pansi pa n + KHZ, kapamwamba kafupika kameneka kamphezi kameneka kamakhala kakang'ono kwambiri, kamene kamafanana ndi kachigawo kakang'ono, ndipo mphamvu ya mphezi imalowa pansi. m'mimba mwake wa 1/4-wavelength short-circuit bar nthawi zambiri amakhala mamilimita ochepa, momwe magwiridwe antchito apano ndi abwino, omwe amatha kupitilira 30KA (8/20μs), ndipo voteji yotsalira ndi yaying'ono kwambiri. Mphamvu yotsalirayi imayamba makamaka chifukwa cha kulowetsa kwa kagawo kakang'ono kamene kalikonse. Choyipa ndichakuti gulu lamagetsi lamagetsi ndilocheperako, ndipo bandwidth ndi pafupifupi 2% mpaka 20%. Cholakwika china ndi chakuti sizingatheke kuwonjezera kukondera kwa DC kumalo odyetsera antenna, zomwe zimalepheretsa ntchito zina.

Kutetezedwa kwamphamvu kwa oteteza kuphulika (omwe amadziwikanso kuti oteteza mphezi) chitetezo chaulamuliro Chipangizo chodzitchinjiriza chimatha kutulutsa mphezi molunjika, kapena kutulutsa mphamvu yayikulu yomwe chingwe chotumizira magetsi chikawombedwa ndi mphezi. Kwa malo omwe mphezi zachindunji zimatha kuchitika, chitetezo cha mphezi cha CLASS-I chiyenera kuchitidwa.Chida chachiwiri chotetezera mphezi ndi chipangizo chotetezera mphamvu yotsalira ya chipangizo chotetezera mphezi kutsogolo ndi kuphulika kwa mphezi m'deralo. . Pamene kuyamwa kwamagetsi akutsogolo kukuchitika, pamakhala gawo lina la zida kapena chipangizo chachitatu choteteza mphezi. Ndi mphamvu yochuluka kwambiri yomwe idzafalitsidwe, ndipo iyenera kuyamwidwa ndi chipangizo chachiwiri chotetezera mphezi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chingwe chodutsa chodutsa pa chipangizo choyamba chotetezera mphezi chidzapangitsanso mphezi. electromagnetic pulse radiation LEMP. Mzerewo ukakhala wautali mokwanira, mphamvu ya mphezi yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yaikulu mokwanira, ndipo chipangizo chachiwiri chotetezera mphezi chiyenera kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya mphezi. Cholinga cha gawo loyamba la chitetezo ndikuletsa mphamvu yamagetsi kuti isayendetsedwe mwachindunji kuchokera kudera la LPZ0 kupita ku gawo la LPZ1, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamakumi masauzande mpaka masauzande ambiri. volts ku 2500-3000V. Mphamvu yowonjezera mphamvu yotetezera yomwe imayikidwa pambali yotsika-voltage ya thiransifoma yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi iyenera kukhala yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi atatu monga gawo loyamba la chitetezo, ndipo kuthamanga kwake kwa mphezi sikuyenera kukhala. zosakwana 60KA. Izi mlingo wa mphamvu kukwera mtetezi ayenera kukhala lalikulu mphamvu mphamvu kuwonjeza chitetezo cholumikizidwa pakati pa gawo lililonse la mzere ukubwera wa wosuta magetsi s. ystem ndi nthaka. Nthawi zambiri pamafunika kuti mulingo uwu wa chitetezo champhamvu champhamvu chizitha kupitilira 100KA pagawo lililonse, ndipo voteji yofunikira ndi yochepera 1500V, yomwe imatchedwa CLASS I power surge protector. Zida zodzitetezera zimapangidwira mwapadera kuti zipirire mafunde akuluakulu a mphezi ndi mphezi zochititsa chidwi komanso kukopa mafunde amphamvu kwambiri, omwe amatha kuthamangitsa mafunde ochuluka kwambiri pamtunda. mzere pamene chisonkhezero chamakono chikuyenda kupyolera mu chomangira mphamvu yowonjezera chimatchedwa malire voteji), chifukwa oteteza CLASS I makamaka amayamwa mafunde akuluakulu. Sangathe kuteteza kwathunthu zida zamagetsi zomwe zili mkati mwamagetsi opangira magetsi.Chomanga champhamvu champhamvu choyamba chingalepheretse 10/350μs, 100KA mafunde amphezi, ndikufika pachitetezo chapamwamba kwambiri chofotokozedwa ndi IEC. ndi wamkulu kuposa kapena wofanana ndi 100KA (10/350μs); otsalira voteji mtengo si wamkulu kuposa 2.5KV; nthawi yoyankha ndi yocheperapo kapena yofanana ndi 100ns. Cholinga cha gawo lachiwiri la chitetezo ndikuchepetsanso mtengo wamagetsi otsalira opitilira muyeso woyamba wa chomangira mphezi mpaka 1500-2000V, ndikukhazikitsa kulumikizana kwa equipotential kwa LPZ1- LPZ2.Kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwachitetezo chochokera kugawo la nduna yogawa kuyenera kukhala chitetezo chamagetsi ochepetsa mphamvu ngati gawo lachiwiri lachitetezo, ndipo mphamvu yake yamagetsi yapano siyenera kukhala yochepera 20KA. Iyenera kuyikidwa mu kagawo kakang'ono kamene kamapereka mphamvu ku zipangizo zamagetsi zofunika kapena zovuta. Ofesi yogawa misewu. Izi zomangira mphezi zamagetsi zimatha kuyamwa bwino mphamvu yotsalira yotsalira yomwe yadutsa pachitetezo chamagetsi panjira yolowera mphamvu ya wogwiritsa ntchito, ndikukhala ndi kuponderezedwa kwapang'onopang'ono kwanthawi yayitali. wa 45kA kapena kupitilira apo pagawo lililonse, ndipo voteji yofunikira iyenera kukhala yosakwana 1200V. Imatchedwa CLASS Ⅱ power surge protector.Mawonekedwe amagetsi ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi amatha kukwaniritsa chitetezo chachiwiri kuti akwaniritse zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi. Kumangirira kwamagetsi kwamagetsi achiwiri kumatengera chitetezo chamtundu wa C chachitetezo chapakati, gawo-dziko lapansi komanso chitetezo chapakatikati-dziko lapansi, makamaka Magawo aukadaulo ndi: mphamvu ya mphezi ndi yayikulu kuposa kapena yofanana ndi 40KA (8/ 20μs); nsonga yotsalira ya voteji siikulu kuposa 1000V; nthawi yoyankha si yayikulu kuposa 25ns.

Cholinga cha gawo lachitatu la chitetezo ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yotetezera zipangizo, kuchepetsa mtengo wa magetsi otsalira otsalira mpaka osachepera 1000V, kotero kuti mphamvu zowonjezera sizingawononge zida. wa AC magetsi a zipangizo zamagetsi zidziwitso ayenera kukhala mndandanda voteji-kuchepetsa mphamvu kukwera mtetezi monga mlingo wachitatu wa chitetezo, ndi mphamvu yake mphezi panopa sayenera kukhala zosakwana 10KA.Mzere wotsiriza wa chitetezo angagwiritse ntchito mphamvu anamanga. chomangira mphezi mu mphamvu yamkati yamagetsi amagetsi kuti akwaniritse cholinga chochotseratu kawopsedwe kakang'ono kakang'ono.Kuteteza mphamvu kwamphamvu komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pano kumafunikira mphamvu yayikulu ya 20KA kapena kuchepera pagawo lililonse, ndipo voteji yofunikira iyenera kukhala yocheperako. 1000V. Pazida zina zofunika kwambiri kapena zovuta kwambiri zamagetsi, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi gawo lachitatu lachitetezo, ndipo limatha Chifukwa chake tetezani zida zamagetsi kuti zisawonongeke kwakanthawi kochepa komwe kumapangidwa mkati mwa system. Pamagetsi okonzanso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zoyankhulirana za microwave, zida zoyankhulirana zam'manja ndi zida za radar, ndikofunikira kusankha choteteza magetsi cha DC chotengera mphamvu yamagetsi chitetezo chomaliza molingana ndi zofunikira zachitetezo chamagetsi ake ogwirira ntchito.Mlingo wachinayi ndi chitetezo chapamwamba chimachokera ku mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ya zida zotetezedwa. Ngati magawo awiri a chitetezo cha mphezi atha kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi kuti ikhale yotsika kuposa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ya zida, magawo awiri okha achitetezo amafunikira. Ngati zida ali m'munsi kupirira mlingo voteji , Zingafune anayi kapena kuposa milingo chitetezo.The mphezi panopa mphamvu chitetezo chachinayi mlingo sayenera zosakwana 5KA.[3] Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya gulu la oteteza maopaleshoni amagawidwa mu ⒈ mtundu wosinthira: mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ndikuti ngati palibe kuwonjezereka kwanthawi yomweyo, imakhala ndi vuto lalikulu, koma ikangoyankha kuphulika kwamphamvu kwapang'onopang'ono, kutsekeka kwake kumasintha mwadzidzidzi. mtengo wotsika, kulola mphezi Zomwe zikudutsa. Zikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zotere, zidazo zikuphatikizapo: kutulutsa mpweya, chubu chotulutsa mpweya, thyristor, ndi zina zambiri.⒉Mtundu wochepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi: Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ndi yokana kwambiri ngati palibe kuphulika kwanthawi yomweyo, koma Kuwonjezeka kwa mawotchi amakono ndi magetsi, kusokoneza kwake kudzapitirira kuchepa, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amakono-voltage ali osagwirizana kwambiri.Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zoterezi ndi: zinc oxide, varistors, suppressor diode, avalanche diode, etc.⒊ Shunt mtundu kapena mtundu wa shunt wa choke: wolumikizidwa molumikizana ndi zida zotetezedwa, umapereka mwayi wocheperako kugunda kwa mphezi, ndikuwonetsa kusokoneza kwakukulu kwa op wamba. Kuchepetsa pafupipafupi. Mtundu wa Choke: Motsatizana ndi zida zotetezedwa, zimathandizira kwambiri kugunda kwamphezi, komanso zimalepheretsa magwiridwe antchito wamba. Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zotere ndi: zotsekera, zosefera zodutsa kwambiri, zosefera zodutsa pang'ono. , 1/4 wavelength zazifupi-circuit zida, etc.

Malinga ndi cholinga (1) Chitetezo chamagetsi: AC chitetezo chamagetsi, chitetezo chamagetsi cha DC, choteteza mphamvu, etc.Module ya chitetezo cha mphezi ya AC ndiyoyenera kuteteza mphamvu ya zipinda zogawa magetsi, makabati ogawa magetsi, makabati osinthira, AC ndi DC magetsi kugawa mapanelo, etc.; Pali mabokosi ogawa magetsi akunja mnyumbamo, ndi mabokosi omanga pansi ogawa mphamvu; Magetsi oteteza mphamvu zamagetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi otsika (220/380VAC) amagetsi opangira mafakitale ndi ma gridi amagetsi aboma; m'makina amagetsi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakulowetsa mphamvu za magawo atatu kapena kutulutsa mphamvu mugawo lamagetsi lachipinda chachikulu chowongolera chachipinda chodzichitira okha ndi substation.Ndi yoyenera pamakina osiyanasiyana amagetsi a DC, monga: gulu logawa magetsi la DC. ; Zida zamagetsi zamagetsi za DC; bokosi lamagetsi la DC; nduna zamagetsi zamagetsi; Chotchinga chamagetsi achiwiri.⑵Chitetezo chodzitetezera: choteteza ma siginecha otsika, chitetezero cha ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri, choteteza cha mlongoti, ndi zina zotero. ROUTER ndi zida zina zapaintaneti kugunda kwamphezi ndi kugunda kwamagetsi kwamagetsi kumapangitsa chitetezo chambiri; · Chitetezo cha network network network; · Chitetezo cha seva ya chipinda cha intaneti; ·Network chipinda china Chitetezo cha zida ndi mawonekedwe a maukonde; · Bokosi lachitetezo cha 24-port Integrated mphezi limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakutchinjiriza kwapakati pamakina ophatikizika amakanema ophatikizika ndi makabati osinthira nthambi. Zodzitetezera za Signal Surge. Zida zoteteza mphezi zapavidiyo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazida zowonetsera mavidiyo. Chitetezo cha synergy chimatha kuteteza mitundu yonse ya zida zotumizira mavidiyo ku zoopsa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kugunda kwamphezi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi kuchokera panjira yotumizira ma siginecha, komanso imagwiranso ntchito pakutumiza kwa RF pansi pamagetsi omwewo. Bokosi lachitetezo limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakutchinjiriza kwapakati pazida zowongolera monga zojambulira mavidiyo a hard disk ndi odula makanema mu kabati yophatikizika yowongolera.


Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-25-2021